This is a list of watercolor paint colors for which I’ve made Color Spotlight posts (or plan to, or might). I’ve arranged them in terms of palette slots. Generally, palette slots are hue families, and Color Spotlights are at the pigment level: multiple brands of the same color are in the same Color Spotlight.
Looking to replicate another artist’s palette? Often, if an artist uses a color in a particular slot, you can substitute another color from the same slot. Other paint qualities may be different (e.g. transparency, granulation).
Jump to a section:
- Yellow Family: Lemon Yellow | Middle Yellow | Warm Yellow | Gold | Earth Yellow
- Orange Family: Orange | Earth Orange
- Red Family: Scarlet | Middle Red | Crimson | Magenta | Maroon | Earth Red
- Violet Family: Violet
- Blue Family: Violet Blue | Middle Blue | Cyan
- Green Family: Green
- Neutral: Brown | White | Black
- Mixed Colors
This is not an exhaustive list of all paints or pigments. I chose to spotlight the most popular or common single-pigment paints that I could find. I put a star next to my favorites. Click each color name to find my Color Spotlight with my personal testing and opinion of that color.
Yellow Family
There are so many options for yellows, and many of them are really, really similar.
Lemon Yellow
AKA Cool Yellow. These yellows have greenish undertones and mix very bright greens.
(Roughly in opaque-to-transparent order)
- Bismuth Vanadate Yellow (PY184) – most opaque
- Cadmium Yellow Lemon (PY35)
- Hansa Yellow Light (PY3)
- Lemon Yellow Deep (PY159)
- Aquarius Yellow (PY168)
- Imidazolone Lemon (PY175) ⭐
- Azo Yellow (PY151) – most transparent
Middle Yellow
Banana yellows with neither a green nor orange undertone. Versatile for mixing.
(Roughly in opaque-to-transparent order)
- Cadmium Yellow (PY35)
- Hansa Brilliant Yellow (PY74) – slightly warm
- Hansa Yellow Medium (PY97)
- Imidazolone Yellow (PY154) ⭐
- Yellow Sophie (PY93)
- Quinoxalinedione Yellow (PY213)
- Quinophthalone Yellow (PY138)
Warm Yellow
Orange-toned yellows, handy for mixing bold oranges and naturalistic sap greens.
(Roughly in opaque-to-transparent order)
- Cadmium Yellow Deep (PY35)
- Turner’s Yellow (PY216)
- Hansa Yellow Deep (PY65) ⭐
- Diarylide Yellow (PY83)
- Isoindolinone Yellow (PY110) ⭐
- Isoindoline Yellow (PY139)
- Golden Yellow (PY183)
Discontinued warm yellows:
- Nickel Dioxine Yellow (PY153)
- Quinacridone Gold (PO49) – see hue
Gold
I set this aside as a separate category because these heavy-metal-based muted yellows have unusually transparent, wide-ranging, luminous, seemingly glowing properties that sometimes make them worth putting on a palette even if the unmixed hue is uninspiring or reduplicative with another color.
Earth Yellow
I define earth tones as being muted, brownish in hue, and/or granulating. Usually they are made from iron oxides. These ones have a yellow color. Earth yellow can be really useful for landscapes and sometimes for skies and sunsets as well!
- Yellow Ochre (PY42 or PY43)
- Goethite (PY43)
- Naples Yellow Deep (PBr24) ⭐
- Monte Amiata Natural Sienna (PBr7) ⭐
- Raw Sienna (PBr7) ⭐
Orange Family
Although there are many warm yellow and scarlet options, there are fewer options for bold orange. Many artists choose to omit orange for their palette as bright oranges can be mixed from warm yellow and scarlet options. Earth Orange is an extremely useful category of earth tones.
Orange
Any bright (non-earth) orange. (Roughly in yellow-to-red order)
- Benzimida Orange (PO62) – most yellowish
- Cadmium Orange (PO20)
- Perinone Orange (PO43)
- Transparent Pyrrol Orange (PO71, PO108, or DPP)
- Pyrrol Orange (PO73) – most reddish
Earth Orange
I consider this the most useful earth tone; if I could have only one, it would be an earth orange! Create cooler browns by mixing with blues.
- Burnt Sienna (PBr7)
- Transparent Red Oxide (PR101) ⭐
- Terra Cotta (PR102)
- Magnesium Brown (PY119)
- Lunar Earth (PBr11)
- Quinacridone Burnt Orange (PO48) – now discontinued except for Daniel Smith
Red Family
Scarlet
aka Warm Red, the most orange-toned of the reds.
- Pyrrol Scarlet (PR255)
- Naphthol Scarlet (PR188)
- Geranium (PR242)
- Cadmium Red Light (PR108)
Middle Red
Fire engine reds.
- Pyrrol Red (PR254)
- Cadmium Red (PR108)
- Perylene Red (PR178)
- Naphthol Red (PR170)
- Anthraquinoid Red (PR177)
- Permanent Red (PR112)
- Sanguine Red (PR187)
Crimson
These reds begin to be cooler and sometimes have pink undertones. Often they’re also a bit deeper.
- Pyrrol Crimson (PR264)
- Cadmium Red Deep (PR108)
- Alizarin Crimson (PR83) – fugitive
- Alizarin Crimson Quinacridone (PV19) ⭐
- Carmine (PR176)
Magenta/Pink/Rose
A mix of blue and red light, magenta is closer to a “true primary” than red. A magenta, rose, or pink color can have a crucial palette slot as a versatile mixer, or for botanicals. Mix with orange or a bit of yellow for red, or with blue for vibrant violets.
- Quinacridone Red/Coral (PR209) ⭐ – this color is orange-toned but mixes like a pink
Quinacridone Rose (PV19) ⭐ - Quinacridone Pink (PV42)
- Quinacridone Magenta (PR122) ⭐
- Quinacridone Fuchsia (PR202)
Maroon
Dark scarlets. These are sometimes considered earth reds because of their muted hue, but they aren’t granulating.
- Deep Scarlet (PR175)
- Quinacridone Burnt Scarlet/Brown Madder (PR206)
- Imidazolone Brown (PBr25)
- Perylene Maroon (PR179)
- Naphthamide Maroon (PR171)
- Perylene Violet (PV29)
Earth Red
Granulating earthy reds, typically generally in the maroon space.
- Venetian Red (PR101)
- Indian Red (PR101)
- Violet Iron Oxide (PR101)
Violet Family
There aren’t a huge number of single pigment violet paints. Most violets are mixed from magentas and blues. This list is arranged roughly from most violet to most blue. For earthy “violets”, see the Maroon and Earth Red categories above.
Violet
- Bordeaux (PV32)
- Quinacridone Violet (PV19)
- Manganese Violet (PV16)
- Cobalt Violet (PV14)
- Quinacridone Purple (PV55)
- Dioxazine/Carbazole Violet (PV23) – very staining and intense
- Ultramarine Violet (PV15) – granulating and typically weak; WN Smalt is bluer
Blue Family
There are a relatively small number of single pigment blues. While the task of choosing your favorite yellows, reds, and pinks can involve a lot of picking between similar options, you are more likely to choose several of the available blues.
Violet Blue
- Ultramarine Blue (PB29) – very widely used
- Cobalt Blue Deep (PB74) – uncommon
- Indanthrone Blue (PB60) ⭐
Middle Blue
Cyan
- Phthalo Blue Green Shade (PB15:3) – very common as “primary cyan”
- Cerulean Blue (PB35 or PB36)
- Prussian Blue (PB27)
- Phthalo Turquoise (PB16) ⭐
- Cobalt Turquoise (PG50, PB28, or PB36) – borderline green; very bright
- Manganese Blue (PB33) – discontinued, see hue
Green Family
While many mixed green paints are available, there are not too many single pigment options. As with other secondary colors, these are often skipped in favor of mixing your own, or using convenience mixes.
Green
- Cobalt Green (PG50)
- Phthalo Green Blue Shade (PG7) ⭐ – very common, often found in mixed greens
- Viridian (PG18) – same hue as PGBS but granulating/weaker
- Phthalo Green Yellow Shade (PG36)
- Chromium Oxide Green (PG17)
- Terre Verte (PG23)
- Perylene Green (PBk31) – very dark, actually a black pigment
Neutral Colors
Brown
Here I’ve just placed browns that are so brown I can’t put them anywhere else. For other earth tones, see Earth Yellow, Earth Orange, Maroon, and Earth Red above.
- Burnt Umber (PBr7)
- Raw Umber (PBr7)
- Van Dyck Brown (PBr7)
- Transparent Brown Oxide (PR101)
- Transparent Brown (PBr41)
- Mahogany (PBr33)
- Mars Brown (PBr6)
White
- Titanium White (PW6)
- Buff Titanium (PW6:1)
- Zinc White (PW4)
Black
- Lamp Black (PBk6)
- Ivory Black (PBk9)
- Lunar Black (PBk11)
- Spinel Grey (PBk26)
- Grey Ochre
Mixed Colors
Although I’ve concentrated mainly on single pigment colors for the color spotlights, some mixed colors are so unique and popular that they invite specific investigation. Here are some highlights:
- Quinacridone Gold ⭐
- Australian Red Gold
- Quinacridone Sienna
- Lavender
- Indigo
- Payne’s Gray ⭐
- Moonglow
- Shadow Violet
- Cascade Green
- Sap Green
- Hooker’s Green
Multiple color roundups:
- Yellow-greens (incl. May Green)
- Muted green mixes (incl. Undersea Green)